大气湍流相位屏仿真matlab源码

蒙特卡洛相位屏

大气折射率变化是一个随机的过程，通过大气的光程长度也同样是随机的。因此，湍流模型仅给出统计平均值，如折射率变量的结构函数和功率谱。

建立大气相位屏的问题就是产生随机过程独立表达式的问题，即相位屏的建立是通过把计算机产生的随机数变换为采样点网格上的两维相位值阵列来实现的，相位值阵列具有与湍流引起的相位变化相同的统计特性。

为了在有限的网格上生成相位屏，相位通常被写成各种基底函数的权重加和，常用于这一目的的基组为泽尔尼克多项式和傅里叶数列（FS），这两种基组各有优缺点。

（一）FT方法——最普遍的相位屏生成方法

湍流诱导光学相位为

改写成傅里叶级数

傅里叶系数Cn,m 服从具有零平均值和方差的环形复高斯统计，其中傅里叶系数Cn,m 的方差推导过程如下：

将9.78带入到9.77，可得如下结果

其中如下为改进的von-karman refractive-index PSD’s ,单位为cycles/m

总结程序过程：首先利用MATLAB的randn函数，生成零平均值和单位方差的高斯随机数，然后乘以（9.79）给出的方差均根值便得到了傅里叶系数Cn,m的随机曲线。进而利用二维DIFT得到相位屏。详细代码见ft_sh_phase_screen子函数。

（二）分谐波强化的FT方法——

上述FT方法中采用的二维DIFT不能生成准确的相位屏，最大偏差发生在大空间间隔处，即低空间频率处。——由（9.51）生成的相位PSD在较低空间频率具有很高的功率。实际上很多文献表明经常不能对足够低的空间频率进行采样来准确表征低阶模式，如倾斜。

基本原理：首先采用上述二维DIFT法生成相位屏，然后在相位屏中间的低频处这一小范围内采用分谐波法生成低频相位屏，即利用多个分谐波的和得到相位屏中间的低频处的相位，相应低频处相位的公式如下。详细代码见ft_phase_screen子函数。

注：分谐波是指频率等于一个周期性振荡基频的整分数的正弦分量。例如,频率等于基频二分之一的波称为二次分谐波，三分之一的波称为三次分谐波等。

大气湍流相位屏模型

 

 

%% example_ft_sh_phase_screen.m 利用谐波方法产生随机相位屏的例子
clc;
Dx = 2; % length of one side of square phase screen [m]，相位屏边长，单位是m
Dy = 2;
Nx = 256; % number of grid points per side，取样点数为256
Ny = Nx;
N=Nx;
L0 = 10; % outer scale [m]，湍流外径
l0 = 0.001;% inner scale [m]，湍流内径
Cn2 = 1e-12; % coherence diameter [m^(-2/3)].当Cn设为1e-14时，1550nm时，r0=0.010255m；3800nm时，r0=0.03008m。r0的计算见公式9.42
Lambda=1550*1e-9; %波长，单位m
K_k = 2*pi / Lambda; % optical wavenumber [rad/m]，光波数
Delta_z=5e2; %分段距离，单位m
subh=3;%%谐波次数
% SW and PW coherence diameters [m]，球面波和平面波的干涉半径
r0sw = (0.423 * K_k^2 * Cn2 * 3/8 * Delta_z)^(-3/5); %%球面波
r0pw = (0.423 * K_k^2 * Cn2 * Delta_z)^(-3/5); %%平面波

delta_x=Dx/Nx; %% grid step along x axis; x方向网格间隔
delta_y=Dy/Ny; %%采样间隔

x = (-Nx/2 : Nx/2-1) * delta_x; %spatial grid，离散后在不同采样点处对应的x坐标值
y = (-Ny/2:Ny/2-1)*delta_y; %采样点对应的y坐标值
r_val=sqrt(x((Nx/2+1):Nx).^2+y((Ny/2+1):Ny).^2); %%原点-边缘的r值
[x y]=meshgrid(x, y); %%变成nx*ny的矩阵

Structure_ther=6.88*(r_val/r0pw).^(5/3); %%理论结构方程值
mask = circ(x, y, 1);
% D_val_hill = structure_function_hill(Cn2, Nx, Ny, Dx, Dy, Lambda, L0, l0, Delta_z); %%hill谱的fft结构方程
% %figure,pcolor(x,y,D_val);
% figure,plot(1:(Ny/2),D_val_hill(Nx/2+1,(Ny/2+1):Ny))
%
% D_val_hill_sub = structure_function_hill_sub(Cn2, Nx, Ny, Dx, Dy, Lambda, L0, l0, Delta_z, subh) %%hill谱的subharmonic结构方程
% subh1=10;
% D_val_hill_sub1 = structure_function_hill_sub(Cn2, Nx, Ny, Dx, Dy, Lambda, L0, l0, Delta_z, subh1)
% figure,plot(1:(Ny/2),D_val_hill_sub(Nx/2+1,(Ny/2+1):Ny),1:(Ny/2),D_val_hill_sub1(Nx/2+1,(Ny/2+1):Ny))

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%网上下载的一个程序里面的结果
% wvl=Lambda;
% D=Dx;
% dz=Delta_z;
% N=Nx;
% CN=Cn2;
%
% delta=D/N;
% x=(-N/2:N/2-1)*delta;
% y=x;
% [X Y]=meshgrid(x,y);
% del_f=1/(N*delta);
% fx=(-N/2:N/2-1)*del_f;
% [kx ky]=meshgrid(2*pi*fx);
% k=2*pi/wvl;
% [th ka]=cart2pol(kx,ky);
% km=5.92/l0;
% k0=2*pi/L0;
% % r0=0.185*(wvl^2/(dz*CN))^(3/5);
% PSD_phi=0.033*CN*exp(-(ka/km).^2)./(ka.^2+k0^2).^(11/6);
% PSD_phi(N/2+1,N/2+1)=0;
% cn=2*pi*k.^2*dz.*PSD_phi*(2*pi*del_f).^2;
% phz_hi=ifft2((randn(N)+1i*randn(N)).*sqrt(cn));%????matlab±??í??FFT???¨??????????cn????????±??????????????????±del_f=1;
% phz_hi=real(phz_hi);
% % figure;imagesc(phz_hi);colorbar;
% %% ????????
% phz_lo=zeros(size(phz_hi));
% for p=1:3
% del_fp=1/(3^p*D);
% fx1=(-1:1)*del_fp;
% [kx1 ky1]=meshgrid(2*pi*fx1);
% [th1 k1]=cart2pol(kx1,ky1);
% km=5.92/l0;
% k0=2*pi/L0;%outscale frequency
% PSD_phi1=0.033*CN*exp(-(k1/km).^2)./(k1.^2+k0^2).^(11/6);
% PSD_phi1(2,2)=0;
% %random draws of Fourier coefficient
% cn1=2*pi*k.^2*dz.*PSD_phi1*(2*pi*del_fp).^2;
% cn1=(randn(3)+1i*randn(3)).*sqrt(cn1);
% SH=zeros(N);
% for ii=1:9
% SH=SH+cn1(ii)*exp(1i*(kx1(ii)*X+ky1(ii)*Y));
% end
% phz_lo=phz_lo+SH;
% end
% phz_lo=real(phz_lo)-mean(real(phz_lo(:)));
% phz=phz_hi+phz_lo;
% figure;imagesc(phz_hi);colorbar;
% figure;imagesc(phz);colorbar;
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% generate a random draw of an atmospheric phase screen生成相位屏

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%检测将相位屏零频分量是否设为0时，产生的相位屏的区别
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%从产生的相位屏上来看，不设置为0的图形颜色更鲜明，黑的地方更黑，但图形都是一样的
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%不过设为0之后的值特别小，是不是不太对？所以我没有将其设为0
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% [phz_central_zero phz_central_notzero] = ft_phase_screen_zero_or_notzero(r0, N, delta, L0, l0); %%检测将零频分量是否设置成为0时的结果是否一样
% %[phz_lo phz_hi] = ft_sh_phase_screen(r0, N, delta, L0, l0,subh);
% %phz=phz_hi;
% %phz=phz_lo;
% %phz = phz_lo + phz_hi;%%最终的随机相位屏是低频部分和高频部分的加和
% figure % 新建画图窗口，即保存以前图形，重新画一个新的
% subplot(2,1,1),pcolor(x,y,phz_central_zero);
% colormap gray
% colormap gray
% shading interp
% colorbar
% subplot(2,1,2),pcolor(x,y,phz_central_notzero);
% colormap gray
% shading interp
% colorbar
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%检测是否使用fftshift时，产生的相位屏的区别
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%从产生的相位屏上来看，先用fftshift，就产生不出想要的图样，不明白为什么
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%最后是否再使用ifftshift，只是对最后产生的图样进行了对角线的挪移
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% [phz_1 phz_2] = ft_phase_screen_use_cn2(Cn2, Nx, Ny, Dx, Dy, Lambda, L0, l0, Delta_z);
% %[phz_lo phz_hi] = ft_sh_phase_screen(r0, N, delta, L0, l0,subh);
% %phz=phz_hi;
% %phz=phz_lo;
% %phz = phz_lo + phz_hi;%%最终的随机相位屏是低频部分和高频部分的加和
% figure % 新建画图窗口，即保存以前图形，重新画一个新的
% subplot(2,1,1),pcolor(x,y,phz_1);
% colormap gray
% shading interp
% colorbar
% subplot(2,1,2),pcolor(x,y,phz_2);
% colormap gray
% shading interp
% colorbar
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%我觉得，如果直接用fft变换产生相位屏的话，不应该将频谱中的原点位置（应该是矩阵中的(N/2+1,N/2+1)位置）的值设为零
%%%而要使用subharmonic方法时，需要将中心位置设为零，因为进一步对原点位置进行了更细的划分了

[phz_lo phz_hi]= ft_sh_phase_screen_use_cn2(Cn2, Nx, Ny, Dx, Dy, Lambda, L0, l0, Delta_z, subh);%%phz_lo只是谐波产生的低频部分，phz_hi是中心分量为0时的FFT
[phz_z phz_nz] = ft_phase_screen_use_cn2(Cn2, Nx, Ny, Dx, Dy, Lambda, L0, l0, Delta_z);
phz_1=phz_hi+phz_lo; %%总的谐波产生的相位屏
phz_2=phz_hi; %%FFT方法

[phz_lo_1 phz_hi_2] = ft_sh_phase_screen(r0pw, Nx, delta_x, L0, l0,subh);
figure
pcolor(x,y,phz_lo_1+phz_hi_2);%imagesc(phz_2);
colormap gray
shading interp
colorbar

figure % 新建画图窗口，即保存以前图形，重新画一个新的
subplot(2,1,1),pcolor(x,y,phz_1);%imagesc(phz_1);
colormap gray
shading interp
colorbar
subplot(2,1,2),pcolor(x,y,phz_2);%imagesc(phz_2);
colormap gray
shading interp
colorbar

[cs1 cs2]= ft_sh_phase_screen(r0pw, Nx, delta_x, L0, l0,subh);
mask = ones(Nx);
CCC1=str_fcn2_ft(phz_hi_2, mask, delta_x);
CCC2=str_fcn2_ft(phz_lo_1+phz_hi_2, mask, delta_x);
CCC3=str_fcn2_ft(cs1+cs2, mask, delta_x);
CCC4=Structure_ther;
figure
plot(1:(Ny/2),CCC2(Nx/2+1,(Ny/2+1):Ny),’b’,1:(Ny/2),CCC3(Nx/2+1,(Ny/2+1):Ny),’r’,1:(Ny/2),CCC1(Nx/2+1,(Ny/2+1):Ny),’g’)
%pcolor(x,y,CCC);%imagesc(phz_2);

phz = phz_lo + phz_hi;%%最终的随机相位屏是低频部分和高频部分的加和
figure % 新建画图窗口，即保存以前图形，重新画一个新的
pcolor(x,y,phz);
% min(phz(:))
% max(phz(:))
% imagesc(phz)
colormap gray(255) %图形是灰色的
shading interp %对图形网格线着色.faceted:网格线为黑色；flat:网格线分块着色；interp：着色的光顺性最好
colorbar

mesh(x,y,phz);view(0,90); %%画三维图，%三维曲面图，view是改变视角
contourf(x,y,phz) %等高线图
pcolor(x,y,phz);shading interp%伪彩色图
surf(x,y,phz);
plot3(x,y,phz);%画三维曲线图
stem3(x,y,phz);
contour3(x,y,phz);
imagesc(phz);